Law and the "Sharing Economy"

Regulating Online Market Platforms

Livre numérique

La controverse entoure les plateformes d’économie de partage, partiellement en raison de leur impact économique. Certains secteurs subissent des contrecoups de manière plus aigüe : les chauffeurs d’Uber font concurrence aux chauffeurs de taxi, ou les hôtes Airbnb rivalisent avec les hôtels. Par ailleurs, Uber exacerberait l’emploi précaire et mal rémunéré tandis qu’Airbnb amplifierait la spéculation immobilière et entraînerait, à terme, une hausse du coût de location.On a tenté de réglementer ce type de plateformes, mais la technologie est telle qu’elle permet aux entreprises d’aisément contourner la réglementation conventionnelle, si bien que les accusations de « concurrence déloyale » fusent de toutes parts, provoquant une remise en question du cadre réglementaire. En effet, de telles plateformes viennent brouiller les cartes, confondant les distinctions convenues entre personnel et commercial, infrastructure et contenu, autonomie contractuelle et contrôle hiérarchique. Cette ambiguïté peut avoir d’importantes répercussions sur le bon fonctionnement de l’appareil réglementaire qui encadre les principes organisateurs du travail, de la concurrence, de l’impôt, de l’assurance, de l’information et de de l’interdiction de la discrimination, sans parler de la réglementation sectorielle spécialisée.Cinq thématiques sont abordées dans cet ouvrage : les technologies de la réglementation; la réglementation de la technologie; les lieux de la réglementation (du local au mondial); la réglementation des marchés; et la réglementation du travail. Les chapitres se conjuguent pour offrir une réflexion d’une gamme d’experts sur la jurisprudence traditionnelle que sur les approches théoriques qui informent et façonnent la réglementation de l’économie du partage.Publié en anglais.

Controversy shrouds sharing economy platforms. It stems partially from the platforms’ economic impact, which is felt most acutely in certain sectors: Uber drivers compete with taxi drivers; Airbnb hosts compete with hotels. Other consequences lie elsewhere: Uber is associated with a trend toward low-paying, precarious work, whereas Airbnb is accused of exacerbating real estate speculation and raising the cost of long-term rental housing.While governments in some jurisdictions have attempted to rein in the platforms, technology has enabled such companies to bypass conventional regulatory categories, generating accusations of “unfair competition” as well as debates about the merits of existing regulatory regimes. Indeed, the platforms blur a number of familiar distinctions, including personal versus commercial activity; infrastructure versus content; contractual autonomy versus hierarchical control. These ambiguities can stymie legal regimes that rely on these distinctions as organizing principles, including those relating to labour, competition, tax, insurance, information, the prohibition of discrimination, as well as specialized sectoral regulation. This book is organized around five themes: technologies of regulation; regulating technology; the sites of regulation (local to global); regulating markets; and regulating labour. Together, the chapters offer a rich variety of insights on the regulation of the sharing economy, both in terms of the traditional areas of law they bring to bear, and the theoretical perspectives that inform their analysis. Published in English.

Table des matières

Table des matières
Law and the "Sharing Economy" 1
Half Title Page 2
Title Page 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Acknowledgements 8
Introduction The “sharing Economy” Through The Lens of Law 10
Introduction 10
The Object of Regulation: Is There Such Thing as The “sharing Economy”? 12
Technologies of Regulation 14
Regulating Technology 16
The Site of Regulation: Local to Global 17
Regulating Markets 18
Regulating Labour 19
Conclusion 21
Notes 21
Part I Technologies of Regulation 24
Chapter I Peer Platform Markets and Licensing Regimes 26
Chapter II The False Promise of The Sharing Economy 64
Chapter III The Fast to The Furious 82
Part II Regulating Technology 122
Chapter IV The Normative Ecology of Disruptive Technology 124
Chapter V Information Law in The Platform Economy: Ownership, Control, and Reuse of Platform Data 158
Part III The Space of Regulation—local to Global 204
Chapter VI Urban Cowboy E-capitalism Meets Dysfunctional Municipal Policy-making: What The Uber Story Tells Us About Canadian Local Governance 206
Chapter VII The Sharing Economy and Trade Agreements: The Challenge to Domestic Regulation 232
Part IV Regulating Markets 270
Chapter VIII Should Licence Plate Owners Be Compensated When Uber Comes to Town? 272
Chapter IX Competition Law and Policy Issues in The Sharing Economy 304
Part V Regulating Labour 328
Chapter X The Legal Framework for Digital Platform Work: The French Experience 330
Chapter XI Uber and The Unmaking and Remaking of Taxi Capitalisms: Technology, Law, and Resistance in Historical Perspective 366
Chapter XII Making Sense of The Public Discourse on Airbnb and Labour: What about Labour Rights? 402
About The Contributors 430
Law, Technology And Media 432

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