Slouching Towards Sirte

NATO's War on Libya and Africa

Livre numérique

NATO’s war in Libya was proclaimed as a humanitarian intervention—bombing in the name of “saving lives.” Attempts at diplomacy were stifled. Peace talks were subverted. Libya was barred from representing itself at the UN, where shadowy NGOs and “human rights” groups held full sway in propagating exaggerations, outright falsehoods, and racial fear mongering that served to sanction atrocities and ethnic cleansing in the name of democracy. The rush to war was far speedier than Bush’s invasion of Iraq.

Max Forte has scrutinized the documentary history from before, during, and after the war. He argues that the war on Libya was not about human rights, nor entirely about oil, but about a larger process of militarizing U.S. relations with Africa. The development of the Pentagon’s Africa Command, or AFRICOM, was in fierce competition with Pan-Africanist initiatives such as those spearheaded by Muammar Gaddafi.

Far from the success NATO boasts about or the “high watermark” proclaimed by proponents of the “Responsibility to Protect,” this war has left the once prosperous, independent and defiant Libya in ruin, dependency and prolonged civil strife.

Table des matières

Table des matières
Slouching Towards Sirte 1
Preface 9
Acknowledgments 14
Abbreviations 15
INTRODUCTION / Liberal Imperialism and the New Scramble for Africa 17
CHAPTER ONE / Sirte: Keystone of Independence 31
Welcome to Sirte Today 32
From a Tent outside Sirte: Defining a New Libya 36
Sirte: An African Dream Turned into a Nightmare 41
Sirte, the New Pan-Africanism, and U.S. Scrutiny 44
Sirte’s Place in the Development of Libya 55
Sirte: Reforms, Divisions, and Raised Expectations 62
CHAPTER TWO / Sirte: Touchstone of Imperialism 68
Sirte: Reagan, Regime Change, Rapprochement(?) 69
Sirte: MI6 and Early Islamist Attacks against Gaddafi 79
Barack Obama and How Empire Revisited Sirte 81
Sirte: Toxic to Empire 85
Sirte: Fantasy Land of the Insurgents 87
Who Voted With Their Feet? 90
War Crimes: Civilians Targeted in NATO Attacks 97
Liberal Intervention and the Myth of “Protecting Civilians” 105
Liberating Sirte: Massacres, Looting, Torture, Racism 109
Save Benghazi, Slay Sirte: Under Cover of Humanitarian Intervention 115
Goal No. 1: Regime Change 117
Hunting for Gaddafi in Sirte 121
Celebration at the Safari Club 130
CHAPTER THREE / Libyan Pan-Africanism and Its Discontents 137
Africa and the Green Book: Getting Past Eurocentrism 140
Mandela and Gaddafi: Moral Pan-Africanism 142
Libya, Gaddafi, and Pan-Africanism:Anti-imperialism after Pan-Arabism 147
Libyan Aid and Investment in Africa 156
The Security Dimension of Libyan Pan-Africanism 166
CEN-SAD: A Victory for Libya 170
Against Africans: Roots of Racist Revolt within Libya 172
Post-Gaddafi: Closing Libya’s Door on Africa 182
CHAPTER FOUR / A War against Africa: AFRICOM, NATO, and Racism 186
AFRICOM: Militarizing U.S. Relations with Africa, and Gaddafi’s Defiance 189
The Racist War: Racist Rebels and Racist Humanitarians 207
CHAPTER FIVE / Humanitarianism and the Invention of Emergency 237
“Genocide Prevention” 238
“Gaddafi is Bombing His Own People” 241
“Save Benghazi” 242
The UN and the Right to Speak for Libya 246
Amnesty International versus Libya 250
“Viagra-fueled Mass Rape” 252
“Protecting Civilians” 257
CONCLUSION / The Aftermath: A New War on Africa 266
African Reactions to Regime Change 267
Regional Destabilization in the Aftermath of NATO 288
Empire or Dignity 290
References 309
Index 339

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